The **Constructivists** consider that people build themselves from their environment (notably social) and that the characteristics that make them who they are, are acquired.
On the contrary, the **Essentialists** consider that an individual is by nature how he/she is and that his/her characteristics which make this person who she/he is, are innate.
1. “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.”
**Internationalism** is a set of different ides which have for common point to stop making a hierarchy between countries and their inhabitants and to promote as much as possible their cooperation. Pushed to its maximum the final objective is the abolitions of borders.
On the other hand, **Nationalism** is a set of heterogeneous ideas which, when applied, favor one country and its citizens over foreigners, it also justifies the idea that each people has a nation.
15. Borders should eventually be abolished.
16. People need to stand up for their ideals, even if it leads them to betray their country.
17. My country must pay for the damages caused by the crimes it committed in other countries.
18. If two countries have similar economies, social systems and environmental norms, then the free market between them has no negative impact.
19. National Chauvinism during sports competitions is not acceptable.
20. I am equally concerned about the inhabitants of my country and those of other the countries.
21. Foreigners living in my country should be allowed to act politically, equally to those who have the nationality.
22. Citizens should take priority over foreigners.
23. The values of my country are superior to those of other countries.
24. Multiculturalism is a threat to our society.
25. A good citizen is a patriot.
26. It is legitimate for a country to intervene militarily to defend its economic interests.
27. It is necessary to teach history in order to create a sense of belonging to the nation.
28. Research produced by my country should not be available to other countries.
**Communism** is a vast political doctrine. In this test a majority for communism simply signifies that you are for a public property of the means of production.
**Capitalism** is as well an ambivalent concept. In this test a majority for capitalism simply signifies that you are for a private property of the means of production.
29. No one should get rich from owning a business, housing, or land.
This axis represents the attitude that a government needs to have concerning the market economy in which an important part of the means of production are private. Liberals and Keynesians are opposed to the method that needs to be adopted without putting into question capitalism. If you are more capitalist, this axis represents your goal in terms of economy. If you are more communist, this axis represents the least bad that you can expect of the current system.
**Regulationism** or interventionism is an idea in which the economical activity should be regulated for the common interest. It can be through legislation, planning, subventions, a variable taxation...
On the contrary, the **Laissez-faire** is the ideas in which the economical activity should not be regulated because it would in itself correspond to the common interest. It can be through a weak legislation, few or no subventions, a fixed taxation and often weak or even the complete suppression of the role of the state in the economy.
43. Revenues and capital should be taxed to redistribute wealth.
44. The age of retirement should be lowered.
45. Dismissals of employees should be forbidden except if it is justified.
46. Minimal levels of salary should be ensured to make sure that a worker can live off their work.
The **Progressives** try to build social progress, make a better society without caring about traditions. They often consider the present as better than the past and that it is necessary to keep on this path.
On the contrary the **Conservatives** want to keep the status quo and even to reinsert some values already considered as disappeared or disappearing. Traditions, among those the religious heritage, are put forward as a source of wisdom.
57. Traditions should be questioned.
58. I do not have any problem if other official languages are added or replace the already existing official language in my country.
59. Marriage should be abolished.
60. Foreigners enrich our culture.
61. The influence of religion should decrease.
62. A language is defined by its users, not by scholars.
63. Euthanasia should be authorized.
64. Homosexuals should not be treated equally to heterosexuals treatment regarding marriage, parentage, adoption or procreation.
65. In some specific conditions, the death penalty is justified.
66. Technical progress should not change society too quickly.
**Ecology** in politics privileges the protection of the environment by limiting as much as possible the impact of human activities on the biodiversity even if it implies to limit the these human activities by modifying more or less radically our current way of life.
**Production** privileges human needs notably by supporting the increase of the production or the use of methods that have an uncertain impact on the environment.
71. It is not acceptable that human actions should lead to the extinction of species.
72. GMOs should be forbidden outside research and medical purposes.
73. We must fight against global warming.
74. We should accept changes in our way of consuming food to limit the exploitation of nature.
75. It is important to encourage an agriculture that maintains a food biodiversity, even if the output is inferior.
76. Preserving non-urban ecosystems is more important than creating jobs.
77. Reduction of waste should be done by reducing production.
The ones in favor of the **Rehabilitative Justice** consider that the role of justice is to put the condemned on the “right path” again by making them understand why they should not do what they did and why they were condemned and by accompanying them all along the process.
Conversely the ones in favor of the **Punitive Justice** consider that the role of justice is dissuasive, both for the condemned (to avoid recidivism) and for the rest of the society (by making them examples not to follow).
85. Prisons should no longer exist.
86. It is unfair to set a minimal penalty for an offense or a crime.
**Revolutionaries** have a tendency to privilege direct action, often in the margin of legality, to reach their goal: replace the current political organization for totally different one.
**Reformists** have a tendency to privilege legal action to reach their goal: reform the political organization step by step. This can be done through the institutions, via elections, authorized demonstrations, petitions...
98. Mass strike is a good way to acquire new rights.
99. Armed struggle in a country is sometimes necessary.